Who is credited with arguing that alcoholism is a disease and helping to initiate the temperance movement?

The argument that alcoholism is a disease and the initiation of the temperance movement are primarily credited to Benjamin Rush, an influential physician and a prominent figure in American history. Rush conducted extensive research on the effects of alcohol on the human body and emphasized the concept of alcoholism as a medical condition. His pioneering ideas laid the groundwork for viewing addiction through a lens of health and treatment rather than solely as a moral failing, which was a significant shift in societal attitudes toward alcohol use and dependence.

Rush's advocacy led to the establishment of the first temperance society in the early 19th century, which sought to reduce or eliminate alcohol consumption among the population. This movement gained momentum and influenced legislation and public discourse regarding alcohol use throughout the United States.

The other individuals listed were significant figures in American history but did not play a pivotal role in the arguments surrounding alcoholism as a disease or the early temperance movement in the same way that Rush did.