Which two models of addiction share the tenet that substance use provides positive reinforcement by decreasing uncomfortable psychological states?

The cognitive-behavioral model and the learning model are both grounded in the concept that individuals may use substances as a means of coping with negative psychological experiences. The cognitive-behavioral model emphasizes how thoughts and behaviors are interconnected, suggesting that when individuals experience distressing thoughts or feelings, they may resort to substance use to alleviate these uncomfortable states. This model posits that this behavior can reinforce the use of substances, as the immediate relief experienced can lead to repeated use.

Similarly, the learning model focuses on how behaviors are shaped by experiences and the consequences that follow. In this context, substance use serves as a form of positive reinforcement, where the removal of discomfort or stress (a negative state) reinforces the behavior of using substances. Essentially, both models highlight the cycle of addiction as a learned behavior that becomes self-reinforcing due to the relief it provides from psychological distress.