Which of the following is not recognized as a behavioral addiction in the current literature?

The identification of what constitutes a behavioral addiction is a complex and evolving area in psychological study and clinical practice. Currently, the American Psychiatric Association recognizes certain behaviors as addictions, such as Gambling Disorder, which is classified in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) due to its significant psychological impact and the compulsive nature of the behavior.

In contrast, Tobacco Use Disorder is classified as a substance use disorder because it directly involves the consumption of a substance, nicotine, which leads to physiological dependence and a range of health-related impacts. This categorization is based on the established understanding of how substance use disorders differ from behavioral addictions.

Although excessive internet usage and pornography consumption may lead to problematic behaviors that impact daily functioning, these are not universally recognized as standalone behavioral addictions in the same way that gambling is. The term "pornography addiction" is not officially acknowledged in DSM-5, and excessive internet usage lacks sufficient empirical support to be classified explicitly as a behavioral addiction.

Thus, while tobacco use is categorized under substance disorders, making it distinct from recognized behavioral addictions, it reflects a clear understanding of addiction's nature—implicating the substances involved rather than the behavior itself. Therefore, Tobacco Use Disorder is not recognized as a behavioral addiction in the